STUDY LOVE |
English |
Word: Puffed up
MacMillan Dictionary and Thesaurus (2016):
Wiktionary (2016):
puffed up
Collins Thesaurus (2002):
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Word: Emphysema
American Heritage (2016):
emphysematous, adj. emphysemic adj. & n. Collins (2014):
emphysematous, adj. Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words (2008):
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Word: Physagogue
Definition-Of (2016):
Phrontistery (2014):
Urban Dictionary (2003):
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Bible Dictionaries |
Word: Bellows.
Baker (2013):--An instrument used to blow air on a fire and thus make it stronger. In the Bible bellows are mentioned only in Jer. 6:29, where they are part of a figurative portrayal of an intense refining process on Judah that ultimately does not remove the wicked. Ancient Egyptian bellows utilized two bags made of animal skin, which an operator would step on one after the other, thus forcing out air, similar to a modern foot pump. This type of bellows may be in view in Jer. 6:29. Unger's (2009):--("blower") The term bellows appears in Jer. 6:29 only, though other passages that speak of blowing the fire (Isa. 54:16; Ezek. 22:21) may refer to them; but as wood was the common fuel in ancient times, and kindles readily, a fan would generally be sufficient. Bellows seem to have been of great antiquity in Egypt, and were used at the forge or furnace. They were worked by the foot of the operator pressing alternately upon two skins till they were empty and pulling up each empty skin with a string held in his hand. The earliest specimens seem to have been simply of reed tipped with a metal point where it came in contact with the fire. Holman (1991):--Instrument that blows air on a fire making it burn hotter. The term is used only in Jeremiah 6:29. God appointed Jeremiah as the assayer of His people to test their purity. God's people remained like impure metal despite the fact that the bellows had blown fiercely on the fire making it hot enough to consume lead. The refining process was in vain; the wicked remained; the people were like refuse silver. The idea of a bellows is alluded to elsewhere in the Bible (See Job 20:26; Job 41:21; Isaiah 54:16; Ezekiel 22:20-21). Nelson's (1986):--A device which provided a gust of air when squeezed. These small blowing instruments were made of leather and pottery and were operated by either hand or foot. To raise the temperature in the furnace high enough to work bronze or iron, it was necessary to get a good supply of air into the fire. The earliest furnaces were built so the prevailing wind blew through, increasing the draft. Later, in order to make it possible to work without the wind, bellows were used to force the air into the fire. The only biblical reference to this tool is in Jeremiah 6:29. Zondervan (1963):--An ancient device employed to fan the flames of the fires of the smelting furnace. The Egyptian type of bellows was operated by the feet, alternately treading upon two inflated skins. This created a forced draft by means of reed tubes, tipped with iron, as the air thus jettisoned into the glowing fire, caused the flames to burn more brilliantly and hotly. As each skin was exahausted of its supply of air, the workman would raise it by a cord attached for that purpose and inflate the skin again. This process was then repeated as many times as deemed necessary. See Jeremiah 6:29. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (1915):--(bel'-oz, bel'-us) The word occurs once only in English Versions of the Bible, in Jeremiah 6:29, where the prophet is predicting the coming of the destroyer (verse 26), "a great nation" from "the north country" (verse 22), down upon Israel, because "all of them deal corruptly" (verse 28). "The bellows blow fiercely; the leads is of the fire." Here the imagery is drawn from the refiner's art, and the "bellows" are those used to make the refiner's fires burn fiercely. Smith's (1901):--The word occurs only in (Jeremiah 6:29) where it denotes an instrument to heat a smelting furnace. Wilkinson in "Ancient Egypt," iii. 338, says, "They consisted of a leather, secured and fitted into a frame, from which a long pipe extended for carrying the wind to the fire. They were worked by the feet, the operator standing upon them, with one under each foot, and pressing them alternately, while he pulled up each exhausted skin with a string he held in his hand." Easton's (1897):--Occurs only in Jeremiah 6:29, in relation to the casting of metal. Probably they consisted of leather bags similar to those common in Egypt. Fausset's (1878):--Jeremiah 6:29; "the bellows are burned," so intense a heat is made that the very bellows are almost set on fire; "the lead is consumed of the fire." Used in heating a furnace for smelting metals, not required for the wood fires which were the ancient fuel, and were commonly blown with a fan. The Egyptian bellows, as represented in paintings of the time of Thothmes III, contemporary with Moses, were worked by the feet alternately pressing upon two inflated skins sending the air through reed tubes tipped with iron into the furnace; as each skin became exhausted the blower raised it by a cord in the hand to admit a fresh supply of air. |
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