CONCEPTUAL-INTENTIONAL SYSTEM

1. (Cognition) Within the generative, modular paradigm, Chomsky (1995) distinguishes two interface levels: the level of phonetic form (PF) is the interface with sensorimotor systems, the level of logical form (LF) is the interface with systems of conceptual structure and language use. The two performance systems involved are the articulatory-perceptual system and the conceptual-intentional system. | Aafke Hulk, Folkert Kuiken, Richard J. Towell, and Roeland van Hout, 2003
2. (Cognition) The language faculty interacts with various performance systems, principle among them being the articulatory/perceptual system, which controls the production and reception of linguistic events, and the conceptual/intentional system (or "belief system"), which determines the content of interpretations and what is said. | Michael O'Rourke, 2007

CONCEPTUAL ORALITY

1. (Discourse) Linguists recognize that there is a lot of variation within discourse modes. As Halliday (1989) explains, "'written' and 'spoken' do not form a simple dichotomy; there are all sorts of writing and all sorts of speech, many of which display features characteristic of the other medium."
    This variation within discourse modes was termed conceptual orality or literacy by Koch and Oesterreicher (1985), and it can come in handy, if the historical development of certain linguistic phenomena related to discourse mode should be investigated. For historical time periods, obviously, only written language data is available. Hence, in order to gain knowledge about historical spoken discourse, it is necessary to identify written texts that are close to the oral mode, i.e. conceptually oral or spoken-like texts. | Katrin Ortmann and Stefanie Dipper, 2020
2. (Discourse) Linguistic characteristics of letters (and other types of egodocument):
   1. Vernacular literacy. (Barton 2010, passim)
   2. Conceptual orality:
      1. Dialectal elements (lexis, morpho-syntax, pronunciation).
      2. Influence of colloquial spoken language. (Russ 1998, passim; Elspaß 2002)
    | Alan Scott, 2014
3. (Discourse) The interjection is indeed the purest verbal implementation of conceptual orality. | Daniel C O'Connell, Sabine Kowal, and Carie Ageneau, 2005

CONCEPTUAL SEMANTICS
(Semantics) CS takes the meanings of words and sentences to be structures in the minds of language users, and it takes phrases to refer not to the world per se, but rather to the world as conceptualized by language users. It therefore takes seriously constraints on a theory of meaning coming from the cognitive structure of human concepts, from the need to learn words, and from the connection between meaning, perception, action, and nonlinguistic thought.
 The theory treats meanings, like phonological structures, as articulated into substructures or tiers: a division into an algebraic Conceptual Structure and a geometric/topological Spatial Structure; a division of the former into Propositional Structure and Information Structure; and possibly a division of Propositional Structure into a descriptive tier and a referential tier. All of these structures contribute to word, phrase, and sentence meanings.
 The ontology of Conceptual Semantics is richer than in most approaches, including not only individuals and events but also locations, trajectories, manners, distances, and other basic categories. Word meanings are decomposed into functions and features, but some of the features and connectives among them do not lend themselves to standard definitions in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions. Phrase and sentence meanings are compositional, but not in the strict Fregean sense: many aspects of meaning are conveyed through coercion, ellipsis, and constructional meaning. | Ray Jackendoff, 2019

CONCESSIVE

1. (Grammar) It is a well-known fact that among the set of circumstantial ("adverbial") relations usually distinguished in grammars for natural languages there is a subset whose members are related to each other in interesting ways: Conditional, causal, concessive conditional and concessive are the labels traditionally used for these relations as well as the connectives (i.e. prepositions, conjunctions, adverbs) expressing these relations. The following sentences are instances of these relations:
   1. If people smoke, they will damage their health. (conditional)
   2. Even if you smoke, you may become very old. (concessive conditional)
   3. John's lungs are not in good shape because he smokes. (causal)
   4. Even though John smokes, he is still in good health. (concessive)
    If we arrange these four relations in a two-dimensional diagram we can describe some of the properties shared and some of the oppositions as follows:

   	hypothetical	factual
   harmony	conditional	causal
   dissonance	concessive conditional	concessive

    | Ekkehard König and Peter Siemund, 2000
2. (Grammar) Or, concessive connective. A subordinating word or phrase that signals a contrast, qualification, or concession in relation to the idea expressed in the main clause.
    A word group introduced by a concessive is called a concessive phrase, a concessive clause, or (more generally) a concessive construction. "Concessive clauses indicate that the situation in the matrix clause is contrary to expectation in the light of what is said in the concessive clause" (A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, 1985).
   1. "Although she was broke, she took a suite at the Waldorf, and began strewing bad checks like confetti." (John Bainbridge, "S. Hurok." Life, August 28, 1944)
   2. "No matter how brilliantly an idea is stated, we will not really be moved unless we have already half thought of it ourselves." (Mignon McLaughlin, The Complete Neurotic's Notebook. Castle Books, 1981)
   3. "Your government does not exist, and should not exist, in order to keep you or anybody else—no matter what color, no matter what race, no matter what religion—from getting your damn fool feelings hurt." (Kurt Vonnegut, "Why You Can't Stop Me From Speaking Ill of Thomas Jefferson." If This Isn't Nice, What Is? Advice to the Young, ed. by Dan Wakefield. Seven Stories Press, 2014)
   4. "Octavian, though only 19, demanded the consulship (both consuls had been killed in battle)." (D.H. Berry, Introduction to Political Speeches by Cicero. Oxford University Press, 2006)
   5. "James sighed and mentioned how a warm personality, especially of the American sort, had a way of cooling one's appreciation of ancient beauty, irrespective of how grand the palazzo of which this personality was in possession, indeed irrespective of how fine or fast-moving her gondola." (Colm Toibin, The Empty Family. Scribner, 2011)
   6. "He was rehearsing his address: ' ... the gift of citizenship carries great responsibility ... the time has come when delay can no longer be tolerated ... therefore let there no longer be doubt, either at home or abroad ... whatever the cost, whatever the sacrifice, whatever the hardship, whatever the struggle ... we will rebuild...'". (Richard Doyle, Executive Action. Random House, 1998)
   7. "Regardless of what the mayor did, regardless of what civil rights leaders did, regardless of what planners of the demonstration did, the riot was going to happen. The authorities had been indifferent to the community's demand for justice; now the community was going to be indifferent to the authorities' demand for order." (Tom Hayden, New York Review of Books, August 24, 1967)
   8. "Patagonia, poor as she is in some respects, can, however, boast of a greater stock of small rodents than perhaps any other country in the world." (Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle, 1839)
    | Richard Nordquist, 2020

CONCRETE MORPHEME
(Morphology) In Distributed Morphology, morphemes are defined as complex symbols relating an identifying index to a set of grammatical markers. These grammatical markers include information about the morpheme's meaning and its grammatical and syntactic idiosyncrasies.
 Furthermore, we have to distinguish two types of morphemes with respect to their identifying index, namely concrete vs. abstract morphemes (cf. Halle 1990, 1994). For many morphemes the identifying index is a sequence of phonemes whose realization is phonologically invariant; these are termed concrete morphemes. We will take a concrete morpheme to be one whose phonological form is invariantly filled by the sequential or simultaneous appearance of properties which are clearly phonological.
 For a minor set of morphemes the identifying index is marked as "Q". These are the so-called abstract morphemes, which are characterized by the lack of a fixed phonological representation in their Vocabulary entries. | Susanne Glück and Roland Pfau, 1999

CONDITION C
(Syntax) Basically, Condition C says that a referential expression cannot be c-commanded by a pronoun that bears the same intended reference. | Howard Lasnik and Terje Lohndal, 2010
See Also BINDING PRINCIPLES.

CONDITION ON EXTRACTION DOMAINS

1. (Syntax) As defined by Huang (1982):

   Condition on Extraction Domain (CED)
   A phrase A may be extracted out of a domain B only if B is properly governed.

    | Hideshi Sato, 2018
2. (Syntax) 

   The Condition on Extraction Domains (CED) (Huang, 1982, Chomsky, 1986, Cinque 1990, Manzini, 1992)
   Movement may not cross a barrier XP, unless XP is a complement.

    In particular, extraction out of adjuncts is (usually) banned:
   1. a. Who_i were you surprised [ _CP t_i that you saw t_i ]?
      b. * Who_i were you surprised [ _CP t_i after you saw t_i ]?
    It is not the case that all adjuncts block all syntactic dependencies. | Sandhya Sundaresan, 2023

CONDITIONAL CONJUNCTION
(Grammar) Is found in sentences with two clauses where one clause describes something that did or will happen, if the condition of the other clause was or is satisfied. Conditional conjunctions can be a single word like if or several words like so long as placed at the beginning of the clause to describe the condition that needs to be met. | YourDictionary, 2016

CONDITIONAL INTERPRETATION
(Semantics) To account for the influences of context on interpretation, while preserving compositionality to the extent possible, we introduce a representational device, conditional interpretations, and a rule system for constructing them. Conditional interpretations represent the potential contributions of phrases to the interpretation of an utterance. The rules specify how phrase interpretations are combined and how they are elaborated with respect to context. The control structure defined by the rules determines the points in the interpretation process at which sufficient information becomes available to carry out specific inferential interpretation steps, such as determining the plausibility of particular referential connections or modifier attachments.
 In our interpretation system, the contribution of a phrase is represented by a conditional interpretation, which has two parts:

1. A sense, which participates compositionally in the interpretation of larger phrases.
2. A set of assumptions, which represent constraints on how the sense may be further connected to its context.

CONDITIONAL PLUPERFECT
(Grammar) Conditional clauses with pluperfect tense. These clauses are the unreal/hypothetical conditional clauses with past time reference. The pluperfect used in the English conditional clause is not there to express the hypothetical/unreal condition but it is used to express the correct order of the events.
 Conditional clauses with pluperfect are mostly used in the unreal/hypothetical conditions referring to the past when the matrix clause also has a past time reference. From the view of pedagogical grammar this kind of sentence is called the third conditional. There's the pluperfect used in the subordinate clause and a modal verb, auxiliary verb to have, and the past participle of a lexical verb in the matrix clause.

1. He'd probably have been longer if I hadn't kept after it.
2. But if she had gone to a doctor at the beginning she could have had a radical mastectomy—that's removal of the breast.

3. It had been luck, too, that had freed him from pity’s adhesive plaster; if Catchpole had been a different sort of man, he, Dixon, would still be wrapped up as firmly as ever.
4. I mean, if there had never been an accident Marion would still be difficult.

CONDITIONAL RELATION
(Pragmatics) A logical relation in which the illocutionary act employing one of a pair of propositions is expressed or implied to be true or in force if the other proposition is true.

1. If you give her the ring, you are married to her.

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